Extent of the civilizaiton the indus valley civilization prospers over vast area of 1200x700 miles. The indus script is predominantly found on objects such as seals and sealings, and it also makes its appearance on other objects such as copper tablets, ivory sticks, bronze implements, pottery etc. Hinduism civilization in the ancient indus river valley. The indus valley civilization grew to be larger than any other ancient empire, including those of egypt and mesopotamia. History, archaeology and the indus civilisation pdf. Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. The salient features of the indus valley civilization. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. Indus valley civilization important questions punjab govt. Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. The structure of the houses has one or more toilets or toilet connected to a centralized system.
In this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. Underground sewer pipes are said to be planned and organized by a centralized government. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. Dayaram sahni first discover harappa in 1921 rd bannerjee discovered mohenjodaro in 1922 the indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization thriving along the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river which is presently known as pakistan and northwestern india. Aug 27, 2015 indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni.
The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. The civilization began to flourish about 4,500 years ago and was centered in the vast river. In brief, among all civilizations of the ancient world that. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. Indus valley or harappan civilization, existed along the river indus. One group ruled and administered the city, the other group included the merchants who were associated with trade and other business activities in the city. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. Indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. The indus valley civilization encompassed most of pakistan, extending from balochistan to sindh, and extending iddidiinto modern day indian states of gujarat, rajasthan, haryana, and punjab, with an upward reach to rupar on the upperon the upper sutlej. Ideology and the indus civilization columbia university. The culture associated with the harappan civilization is the. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of. Here is a tribute to the development of human wisdom of.
The third group were the labourers who worked in the city. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history. Cities are the symbols of the indus valley civilization characterized by the density of population, close integration between economic and social processes, techeconomic developments, careful planning for expansion and promotion of trade and commerce, providing opportunities and scope of work to artisans and craftsmen etc. Scientific and technological contributions of the indus civilization. Indus valley civilizationharappamohenjodarodholavirasociety.
Its two great centers were the cities of mohenjodaro and harappa. The rig veda was written by aryans in the indus valley region, towards the end of the harappan civilization, around 0 and bce. Oct 28, 2014 unique feature of the indus valley civilization. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. Sep 10, 2016 john marshall was the first scholar to use the term, indus civilization. City planning and organization of indus valley civilization ischools. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. In addition, there was a canal systems built to provide a reliable water source for the growth of crops. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. See more ideas about indus valley civilization, bronze age civilization and mohenjo daro.
Indus valley civilization was discovered in 19211922. Control mechanisms in mesopotamia, the indus valley, the aegean and central europe, c. Like many other civilizations, the indus valley civilization was centralized around a river, appropriately named the indus river. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. On the other hand a faroff place like daimabad25 on the godavari has produced late. View indus valley civilization research papers on academia. The indus valley civilization also known as the harappan civilization was a bronze age society extending from modern northeast afghanistan to pakistan and. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. Understanding ancient civilizations series includes bibliographical references and index. The indus valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of egypt, mesopotamia, india and china. Indus valley civilization is also known as harappan civilization.
Indus valley civilization extended from sutkagendor on the makran coast about 500 km west to karachi now in pakisan to alamgirpur on the hindon, near delhi and from manda in jammu to daimabad in maharashtra. M338 2008 934dc22 2007025308 1211100908 12345678910. Indus valley civilization research papers academia. It was earlier named as the indus valley civilization because in the early days most settlements were discovered in the plains of the river indus and its tributaries. The known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form. As of 2019, over 1500 indus valley civilization sites have been discovered, of which 475 sites are in pakistan and 925 sites in india, while some sites in afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. The indus valley civilization has distinct features that cannot be seen anywhere in the ancient world.
Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. Until the early part of the 20th century, few people knew anything about the indus valley civilization. This socalled prearyan civilization is said to be evidenced by the large urban ruins of what has been called the indus valley culture as most of its initial sites were on the indus river. Brw pgw and ocp sites near haryana and uttar pradesh 1. The exhibition catalogue also documents selected objects in. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan civilization. The indus civilization is best known for its late mature phase. The indus river valley civilizations boundless world history. The indus valley civilization, mature period 26001900 bce, abbreviated ivc, was an bronze age civilization that flourished in the indus river basin. Indus valley civilization was one of the worlds first great civilizations. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Connected to the sewage system were bathrooms with toilets. See more ideas about indus valley civilization, civilization, harappan.
Features of the indus valley civilization indus valley. It flourished around 2,500 bc, in the western part of south asia, in contemporary pakistan and western india. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. The indus river valley civilization was the first civilization to have running water and a sewage system. The abandonment of major indus cities has been roughly dated to about 1700 b. The four principal settlements so far excavated provide the material to reconstruct the cultural content of the civilization. It was centred mostly in the western part of the indian subcontinent and flourished around the indus river basin. A recent publication by the south asia research group at kansai university in japan that includes detailed essays covering a general picture of indus research today by akinori uesugi, indus civilization in the ghaggar basin vivek dangi, indus archaeology in gujarat rajesh s. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Media in category maps of the indus valley civilization the following 67 files are in this category, out of 67 total. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Ancient indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as pdf files from this site.
At that time, the indus valley was one of the best places to start a civilization because the river flooded reliably twice a year. The pdf version of the exhibition catalogue is available at heritingharappa. The harappan civilization lasted for about one thousand years. Archaeological evidence shows that many of the major cities of the harappan civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization 33000bc located in northwest indian subcontinent including present day, pakistan, northwest india on. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not occur after 1900 b. Features of indus valley civilization from the ruins of the indus valley civilization, it can be deduced that the cities were incredibly wellplanned. The size and prosperity of the indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewers. Infection, disease, and biosocial processes at the end of the indus.
The indus valley civilization, once located in what is today pakistan, was founded about 3300 bce, reached its peak around 2500 bce, and flourished until about 1900 bce, when it began to decline. Society in the indus valley civilization is said to have comprised of three distinct social groups. What are the distinctive features of an indus valley. The rig veda also contributed to the rise of the caste system. The rig veda, being the oldest and largest of the vedas, is a collection of 1,028 hymns which contain the mythology of the hindu gods. Sophisticated irrigation and water storage systems were developed by the indus valley civilization, including artificial reservoirs at girnar dated to 3000 bce.
3 473 1190 1162 857 6 946 38 143 162 1251 65 558 1403 303 1082 640 189 260 22 46 1057 1211 104 545 1502 992 340 432 956 246 269 1050 228 258 434 895 108 966 1389 661 1083 1303 128 527 190 249